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What is Nutrigenomics?
Kazumi Iino iino@i-techno-office.com
Nutrigenomics is a very new word in the food and scientific fields.
It is now emerging as a business, as introduced in Newsweek and
other popular journals.
The term "-genomics" represents genes and similar words, an
example being pharmacogenomics. Nutrigenomics is the study of
food and nutrition focused mainly on the interactions with diseases
and human-specific genes. Recently the word "nutrigenetics" is
being used to refer to study of the effects of genetic variation and
gene-nutrient interactions in the management of chronic diseases
(ref: Experimental Biology 2003 Nutrition and Metabolism Program Nutrition
And Metabolism Program Highlights).
Both are novel terms covering cutting-edge science. Practically
speaking, the terms are often combined as ?nutrigenetics / nutrigenomics? in
academic symposia and
conferences.
WHY IS NUTRIGENOMICS NOW GROWING?
The prime reason for the expansion of nutrigenomics is the
completion of Human Genome Project, with the focuses of
genomic studies shifting to functional genomic analyses. The
functional elucidation of specific genomes will yield not only the
feasibilities of new drugs but also the ways of preventing specific
diseases. Nutrition and food iwill then be recognized as important
tools for disease prevention.
Secondly, preventive medicine including nutrition and food should
be discussed more scientifically throughout the world, especially
in developed countries like the USA and Japan, where the aging of
people and the pursuit of higher QOL (quality of life) become
important issues for academia and industry. Nutrigenomics / nutrigenetics
sessions have been set up at many international food-related
symposia and congresses.
WHAT IS THE FUTURE PROSPECT OF NUTRIGENOMICS?
Nutrigenomics is surely expected to be the next wave for food
industry, even though only a few practical ideas have emerged.
One business model is the development of customized
nutraceuticals based on specific genetic profiles:
GeneLink and Garden State Nutritionals
Another model may be foods for specified health use, which are
already on the Japanese market. In Japan, about 350 items have
been approved as food for specified health use by the Japanese
Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare. Each item has a specific
health claim, such as food for hypertension, high cholesterol,
diabetes, etc. based on clinical studies. All products have been
developed based on scientific analysis and data, even though not
yet on the genetic level yet. The foods are expected to expand the
field of nutrigenomics.
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